The making of a Scientist in India Vs. Developed Nations - An Ethmos Perspective.- PART I

We hope you have gone through our previous articles regarding research funding through banks and the quality of research in Bharat.  After giving much thought to the state of affairs at our research institutions and institutions of higher learning vis' a vis' developed nations, we got so frustrated that we decided to write something regarding how all these great achievements are accomplished by our research institutions.  So here goes:

First we will take a look at how things actually need to be done and are being done at the developed countries like the USA, UK, Germany, etc. which give utmost priority to original research and innovation.  A scientist is made right at the schooling stage in those countries.  Every child is a scientist - s/he likes to explore his surroundings and environment and learn through that process only.  This quality of children is nurtured right from the pre-schooling stages in the developed countries and the nurturing continues throughout the schooling and college education wherein lectures are not taken as class periods of 30-45 minutes and a monotone is sung by the teachers while the students doze off in harmonic motion every 5 to 10 minutes.  The children are given real-life projects, told to explore their environment, probe everything that they are curious about, read and study about new developments in the fields that they wish to choose as their profession.  In those countries, there are no "scientists" but biologist, chemist, entomologist (insect specialists), microbiologist, biochemist, physicist, mechanic, etc. and all professions are seen with more or less equal respect with the quality of living near about evenly distributed among the populace.  The students are encouraged to take up research projects right at the schooling stage and involve in original innovation and encouraged to share their ideas freely, thus resulting into a overall positive and open atmosphere where creative inventions are born.

Now we look at how great we are doing in our very own Bharatvarsh which invented ZERO and are still extremely good at multiplying zeroes (no pun intended).  Over here, our children are our biggest "investment" which have to be liquidated after they get a decent job (look after your parents) and of course, there are only THREE jobs in this whole spherical world - DOCTOR,  ENGINEER, and OTHERS.  And once your child is in school, he is not supposed to (1) ask curious questions that are out of syllabus and which the teacher has told that it won't come in the exams (2) not study foolish comics other than your textbooks (3) play around or fool around by doing stupid desi inventions like making a bow and arrow out of broom sticks {I personally used to love it!!!}.  And you are supposed to (1) attend school and tuitions and the number of tuitions required was derived using a simple formula wherein you multiply the number of subjects with one and multiply the answer with two to get get the number of study hours required after school hours (2) copy-paste whatever has been done in school class from a book called C.W. (Class Work) to H.W. (Home Work)  (3) make sure the teacher is always happy and is not irritated with questions she does not know or care to know the answers to and most important (4) DO NOT THINK ON YOUR OWN.

So, now our Bhartiya child comes into the most important phase of his educational life called the Higher Secondary Boards or class XII as we call it.  Now, apart from school + tuitions, he has to attend specialized coaching for the Olympics called PMT/PET with all its hues and colors from different states and also a common exam at the central level.  And IF, and it is a big IF, you don't clear it - It is definitely and absolutely the end of the world for everybody on this planet - so now you are the saviour of this planet and you have to do it for this planet's sake.  Our Bhartiya child has already succeeded in killing his enthusiasm, curiosity, innovation, creativity, and the beautiful but useless spark in his eyes.  And hence, definitely he fails to clear these dreaded exams and ends up being the biggest disappointment in his entire family history and will be talked about how he has ashamed his entire previous and forthcoming generations.  Since he is used to all these insults and crushings, he just accepts his fate and goes and joins a "normal" science college which is the ONLY other option left according to his genius multi-talented parents since the world does not require any lawyers, bankers, administrators, drivers, soldiers, cops, businessmen, or anything and the only two people they take help during their routine lives are the mighty engineer and the divinely doctor.

We will continue the story of our brilliant scientist in our next part since we don't want our readers to sleep away reading this interesting story.

Thanks and happy Ethmos to all.

Are we really doing any research in Bharat?? The Ethmos Innovation Index

Going from research to innovation - The Ethmos Innvoation Index

First of all we thank all our readers for receiving well our previous article on research funding through banks but we are really sorry to note that we did not receive a single brickbat from anybody - please somebody criticize us; we are the perpetual attention seekers and are dying to seek your attention because your attention to our issues is required for resolution of the various issues plaguing our nation and the world at large.

In this article we are asking a very basic question to our readers - the junta of Bharat - are we really doing research in our country?  We feel proud to have ancestors like Aryabhatta, Charaka, Brahmabhatta, etc. who were pioneers in their own fields of science and have literally changed the way world used to see things during their times - in fact, they were much ahead of their times.  But sadly enough we have wasted our legacy.  In today's world, research has lost its originality to a large extent and is confined to the publishing of research and review articles on "impact-factor"-graded journals.  The higher the impact factor of the journal, the better the quality of your research considered as per the standard norms.  But in Bharat, very few researchers are engaged in research which is up to the expected level of these journals and the practical applications of these research works are seldom known even to the person conducting the research.  In fact, research has become a very comfortable way of claiming grants from University Grants Commission (UGC) or any other government body like Department of Science and Technology (DST), etc. and use them as you like, which includes but is not limited to foreign tours in the name of paper presentation/conferences/seminars, grants for purchase of equipment and chemicals which hardly have any use after one or two experiments, and "n" number of creative ways of utilizing public money for purposes other than research and development.

We believe that the actual research is done at the ground level - i.e. by people actually working in the industry like the farmers who are experimenting on a monthly basis to improve the quality of their produces, people living in the remote corners of the country who hybridize bicycles and motors to make their own concocted motorcycles that run on steam or solar energy, and much more.  Recently, a person from Rajkot, Gujarat, named Mansukhbhai Prajapati, who hardly had any formal education, innovated on a rural refrigeration system using the potter clay and named it "Mitticool"

The Mitticool refrigerator developed by Mansukhbhai Prajapati

and the refrigeration system was efficient at not only providing cool water but also keeping perishable food items like fruits/vegetables for longer duration of time thereby saving on multiple traveling costs to far away market places on a daily basis for procurement of the same.  Fortunately, the innovator was able to find investors and has started his own business by mass production of these useful and eco-friendly machine that does not use any electricity at all to keep things cool.  These root-level innovators are the actual researchers of the country who are seldom funded by any UGC, DST, DBT, etc. but are doing whatever they can from their own savings and borrowings from friends and relatives (and if they are lucky and enterprising enough, they get funding from investors too!) and the only thing that keeps them going is the unlimited enthusiasm to do something for the society at large.

We want to ask - are our researchers also motivated towards the larger good of the society and the country at large?  How many patents are we filing on an yearly basis?  We don't agree much with the people who think that publishing research articles is the yardstick of innovative work - what we consider is whether your ideas are fructified and the fruits available to the general public for use?

As discussed in our previous article, we strongly believe that funding should be available to researchers and innovators regardless of their educational qualifications or background.  And since we are born "doers" we introduce to you our own Ethmos Innovation Index which will do investment-grade credit rating of innovative ideas; help them nurture, incubate, and get the required crucial seed funding and give them end-to-end consulting solutions - the primary condition for all this being that your idea has to be strong enough to attract us - just attract us and we will attract the rest towards you.  So if any of you innovators or researchers out there are interested in this proposition, you can mail us your requirements at teamethmos@gmail.com.

Let us stop talking and start doing and do something towards the growth of our society and nation.

Happy Ethmos to all!

Research funding through banks in India - The Ethmos view

The Union Budget 2015 has allocated Rs. 41,900 Crores for the overall R&D in the country and that includes all the departments like health, defence, agriculture, earth sciences, renewable energy, space & atomic energy, etc.  If you just consider the Ministry of Science and Technology, then the fund allocation is a measly Rs. 9,500 Crores out of the above.  It is no open secret that R&D is the backbone of development in any civilization.  The Americans, Russians, Germans, Britons, and of course not to forget, our Vedic Civilization ancestors used to give a huge stress on the generation of new ideas and technologies for making our lives easier and more comfy and in the meantime providing more food to people at the same cost of production, giving better quality of life like better houses to live in, better amenities to use, etc.  We appreciate the efforts taken by our present government in boosting growth in our country but what concerns us is the "below-inflationary" increase in the funding for R&D in our country, viz. the net increase in the budgetary fund allocation viz-a-viz last year was only 3.5% as compared to an inflationary increase of around 5-6% in various costs.  So, in simple terms, a major part of these funds will be utilized for paying higher bills, higher salaries due to increase in dearness allowances, higher cost of raw materials like chemicals, equipments, etc. and only a microscopic portion will be really left for conducting the actual research.

We at Ethmos are deeply concerned regarding the sluggishness in the R&D sector and the sorry state of affairs in our country wherein many fine minds are either quitting the R&D sector or migrating to greener pastures in the foreign countries.  And we are strong believers that R&D has the power to transform the lives of billions that inhabit this planet and hence we are putting forth a proposition for changing the way R&D is funded across the world.

First of all, for the sake of background information, let us just inform you that in comparison to the R&D sector, the government has allocated Rs. 25,000 Crore for agricultural rural infrastructural development fund (RIDF) and is targeting the annual credit outflow of a whopping Rs. 8.5 lakh crores (i.e. Rs. 8.5 lakh crores worth of loans need to be disbursed to farmers for agricultural activities).  Regarding the RIDF, it is a fund created by the NABARD (National Bank for Agricultural and Rural Development) wherein the funds from banks are pooled in whenever the banks are not able to reach the minimum lending targets (40% of annual credit to priority sector like agriculture, housing, education, and business loans in case of public sector banks).  For example, if say bank X has got Rs. 100/- with it for lending, it is mandatory for the bank to lend Rs. 40/- to the aforementioned sectors failing which the shortfall in lending (say if it was able to lend only Rs. 30/-, then the shortfall will be Rs. 10/-) will have to kept in the RIDF at 4% simple interest per annum.

Now we put forth our view for the brickbats:

1.  Why cannot banks finance the R&D funding as they are doing for the highly probabilistic and unpredictable agriculture sector? Even if they can finance 10% of what they are financing to the agriculture sector, the R&D sector can get a handsome Rs. 85,000 Crores for the R&D activities.  The loans can be advanced with higher repayment periods and flexible repayment terms as in the case of agricultural loans.

2.  Putting R&D sector under the purview of bank financing will open up an entirely new area and science of financial analysis which will be analyzing the risk-return ratio of various projects and this may lead to weeding out of many "unwanted or repeated" research projects across the country.  If we are not mistaken, then the same research is being carried out by 5 scientists simultaneously across the nation and many more across the globe with varying results (some of which are also fabricated to suit the requirements of the publishing journal or the University guides so as to get the degrees, recognition, and grants).  What is required is the integration of such projects, at least in the form of a central database wherein the results & protocols are shared by the concerned scientists in order to eliminate duplication of work thereby avoiding unnecessary expenditure.  If the banks can create a financial behemoth of a platform for storing zillions of data of accounts of billions of customers, the research database will require hardly a portion of that space - we propose that the government lend a generous helping hand to the research and financial institutions for the same. The research database can be similar to the lines of CERSAI (central electronic database for immovable properties).

3.  The R&D proposals should be routed through the banks and need to be credit rated compulsorily by external agencies like Ethmos, S&P, Crisil, etc.  Special credit rating formulas need to be developed and evolved for the same.  We have already started on the same and will be submitting our proposal to the government regarding the same.

4.  There should be a profit-sharing basis for the R&D scientists involved in the project and the patents or the end result of the work should have practical applications in day-to-day life or at least in other R&D works to make the work feasible.  Many of the Indian Universities have not evolved yet from streaking the same bacteria again and again and testing their resistance to various antibiotics which are already tested by others!  The end-product and practical applications will be the deciding factor for giving the loans since it is the end-product or in some cases, the byproduct, that will be the marketable commodity produced out of the research using which the financial institution can recover the loan amount lent along with handsome commissions and incentives to the scientists responsible for its creation.

5.  And if you are thinking about default on payment and loss of money without getting any definitive results, then we wish to inform that every year, many farmers have to default on their payments due to the totally unpredictable weather in our country and subsequent loss of crops.  What the government does in that case is the rephasement of loans, i.e. extension of time periods for repayments and giving fresh repayment terms and conditions.  We believe that this formula can be applied to research proposals that are not yielding definitive results after say 2-3 years of research.  If no results are obtained, then the research project can be analyzed further and restructured in order to be profitable.  Furthermore, the fundamental law of research is that it ALWAYS produces something - whether it is useful now or later is what needs to be determined.

We at Ethmos believe that R&D is as much a riskier proposition as is agriculture in India since 90% of it is totally rain-dependent.  At least in R&D, we are "brain" dependent and thus the probability of success is better than that in agriculture.  Hence, we propose full-fledged government support in the idea of financial investment-funding methodology of research funding for the betterment of our future generations.  We will be giving more inputs on this seed of an idea that we put forth today.

Till then, 

Happy Ethmos to all!